What are the characteristics of a stadium turf? How is it generally maintained?

Artificial turf has also been used for decades, mainly to overcome some of the pain points of natural turf, such as not being able to adapt to a variety of climatic conditions, and maintaining it is cumbersome and expensive. With the development of technology, artificial turf has now become an acceptable playing surface for football, as its development has resulted in turf surfaces specifically designed for the sport. Artificial playing fields are now provided so that footballers can play safely and without restrictions. Among them, FIFA (FIFA) has proposed the evaluation standard for artificial turf football pitches - the FIFA quality concept for artificial turf (FIFA quality concept for artificial turf), and has promoted the certification of the "FIFA Recommended Mark" for artificial turf pitches since 2001. The recognition of this is also to promote the sport of football on a large scale around the world, using artificial turf, which can be a green field anywhere. There are currently two categories: 1 star and 2 star, 2 stars can host any FIFA final stage competition, and 1 star can only host FIFA junior matches and other types of events. There are many contents of the certification, including durability test, abrasion resistance test, vibration damping, deformation, stability, slip resistance, friction, relationship with the ball, relationship with athletes, etc.From the perspective of building construction, cement and asphalt base are generally used, and after the drainage slope is found, a shock-absorbing cushion is placed on it, and then a roll of artificial turf is laid on it. The turf is bonded and fixed with a specific glue, and the auxiliary materials such as quartz sand are laid and finally the site is cleaned several times, and the artificial turf is ready. At present, from the sales point of view, the artificial turf market is all the way up, thriving, and the future is worth looking forward to.